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The 19-kDa capsid protein (CP) of Soil-borne wheat mosaic furovirus (SBWMV) is encoded in the 5′-terminal region of RNA2. In addition to CP, two CP-related proteins are translated from SBWMV RNA2: (1) a 24-kDa protein (N-CP) with an N-terminal 40-amino-acid extension initiated at an upstream in-frame CUG codon; and (2) an 83-kDa protein (CP-RT) with an about 580-amino-acid, C-terminal extension by...
Tumorigenic S49 mouse lymphoma cells (T-25) were compared to their nontumorigenic (immunogenic) substrate-adherent descendants (T-25-Adh), using the differential display technique. A 784-bp fragment with 92% sequence homology to the intracisternal A-particle (IAP) element family was isolated from the latter cells. IAP sequences are endogenous, noninfectious retroviral elements that can undergo transpositions...
Infection of permissive insect hosts by the baculovirus Autographa californica M nucleopolyhedrovirus results in liquefaction, a pathogenic effect that enhances the dispersal of progeny virions. Two viral gene products—a protease, V-CATH, and a chitinase, chiA—have been shown to be required for liquefaction to occur. It has been generally accepted that the primary functions of these proteins is to...
Increasing evidence suggests that regulation of apoptosis in infected cells is associated with several viral infections. The gammaherpesvirus bovine herpesvirus 4 (BHV-4) has been shown to harbor genes with antiapoptotic potentialities. However, here we have demonstrated that productive infection of adherent, permissive cell lines by BHV-4 resulted in a cytopathic effect characterized by induction...
The causative agent of white spot syndrome (WSS) is a large double-stranded DNA virus, WSSV, which is probably a representative of a new genus, provisionally called Whispovirus. From previously constructed WSSV genomic libraries of a Taiwan WSSV isolate, clones with open reading frames (ORFs) that encode proteins with significant homology to the class I ribonucleotide reductase large (RR1) and small...
Two minor proteins with molecular masses of 8.5 and 15.5 kDa were identified in feline calicivirus (FCV) virions. Direct sequence analysis showed that the N-terminal sequence of the 8.5-kDa protein was identical to that of the predicted protein encoded by open reading frame 3 (ORF3) of the FCV genome. The N-terminal sequence of the 15.5-kDa protein corresponded to amino acids 961–980 of the FCV ORF1...
Although human papillomaviruses (HPV) and adenoviruses (Ad) both transform cells by expressing functionally related oncogenes (Ad-E1A/E1B; HPV-E7/E6), only HPV are oncogenic in humans. Prior studies have shown that HPV-transformed cells are resistant to NK cell lysis and E7- and E6-specific CTL are inefficiently generated in women with HPV-induced cervical cancer. Therefore, we postulated that the...
To study the tumorigenesis of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-positive epithelial cell lines GT38 and GT39 derived from human gastric tissues, we inoculated these cells under the skin of severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. The development of tumors was observed in each of the mice about 2 months after the inoculation. The tumors were diagnosed with undifferentiated carcinoma by hematoxylin/eosin...
To improve the efficiency of liposome-mediated DNA transfer as a tool for gene therapy or vaccinology, we have further developed a new delivery system based on the modified immunopotentiating reconstituted influenza virus (IRIV). In this study, we engineered a plasmid DNA vector expressing the mumps virus hemagglutinin or the fusion protein. The administration of this DNA vaccine delivered by influenza...
The interaction between the C-terminal binding protein 1 (CtBP-1) and purified Ad12 E1A protein has been examined through the use of a combination of biophysical techniques. A fragment equivalent to the 77 C-terminal amino acids of Ad12 E1A (Ad12 77-a.a. E1A) was generated by limited proteolysis of Ad12 266-a.a. E1A at Phe 187 and/or Tyr 189 using chymotrypsin. The impact of deletion...
Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) subgroup B arises de novo through recombination between the env genes of exogenous FeLV subgroup A and endogenous FeLV-like sequences. FeLV-B, which by itself is poorly infectious, will increase to high titer in the presence of FeLV-A, and is associated with FeLV-related neoplastic disease. Although the participation of FeLV-B in disease progression has not been definitively...
As a simian species, the langurs are not known to harbor simian retroviruses, except for one report on a simian Type D endogenous retrovirus from the spectacled langur (Trachypithecus obscurus) from Malaysia. The present report describes for the first time natural infection of the common Hanuman langur (Semnopithecus entellus) from India by a novel simian retrovirus (SRV). The new SRV is phylogenetically...
Serial passage of initially nonlethal Ebola virus (EBOV) in outbred guinea pigs resulted in the selection of variants with high pathogenicity. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the complete genome of the guinea pig-adapted variant 8mc revealed that it differed from wild-type virus by eight mutations. No mutations were identified in nontranscribed regions, including leader, trailer, and intragenic sequences...
Interactions between the Human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) gene product p13 II and cellular proteins were investigated using the yeast two-hybrid system. Variant forms of p13 II were derived from two HTLV-I molecular clones, K30p and K34p, that differ in both virus production and in vivo and in vitro infectivity. Two nucleotide differences between the p13 from K30p (p13K30)...
We purified and sequenced infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV), a small DNA virus of shrimp, from wild Penaeus stylirostris. The virion has a buoyant density of 1.45 as determined by cesium chloride gradient. Analysis of 3873 nucleotides of the viral genome revealed three large open reading frames (ORFs) and parts of the noncoding termini of the viral genome. The left, mid,...
Terminase, the DNA packaging enzyme of bacteriophage λ, is a heteromultimer of gpNu1 and gpA subunits. In an earlier investigation, a lethal mutation changing gpA residue 497 from lysine to aspartic acid (K497D) was found to cause a mild change in the high-affinity ATPase that resides in gpA and a severe defect in the endonuclease activity of terminase. The K497D terminase efficiently sponsored packaging...
The purpose of this study was to determine to what extent nitric oxide (NO) may play a role in the antiviral-mediated effect of chicken IFN-γ against the Marek's disease virus (MDV) RB-1B. NO-generating compounds S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) and 3-morpholino-sydononimine (SIN-1) strongly inhibited RB-1B replication in chicken embryo fibroblasts (85%) in a dose-dependent manner. The addition...
Using a halo assay with E. coli lysates expressing Chlorella virus CVK2 genes on a cosmid contig, two different algal-lytic activities against Chlorella strain NC64A cells were found to be encoded on the CVK2 genome. The gene for vAL-1, one of the two activities, encoded a 349-aa ORF, which was homologous to PBCV-1 A215L and CVN1 CL-2. The vAL-1 gene was expressed at relatively early stages of the...
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